14 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT

                                                 BY   HENRY FAYOL

14 principles of Management are statements that are based on a fundamental truth.

These principles of management serve as a guideline for decision-making and management actions.

They are drawn up by means of observations and analyses of events that managers encounter in practice.

Henri Fayol was able to synthesize 14 principles of management after years of study, namely

1) Division of work
2) Authority and responsibility
3) Discipline
4) Unity of direction
5) Interest
6) Remuneration7) Centralization
8) Scalar chain
9) Order
10) Equity
11) Stability of tenure
12) Initiative
13) Esprit de corp
14) Unity of command
   
EXPLANATION IN DETAIL:

                 
1) Division of work:-Work should be divided among individuals and groups to ensure that efforts and attention are focused on special portions of the task.

2) Authority and responsibility:-The concept of authority and responsibility are closely related .Authority was defined as the right to give orders and powers to exact obedience.

responsibility is given by performance  which involves being accountable.

3) Discipline:- A Successful organization requires the common effort of workers.

4) Unity of direction:-The entire Organisation should be moving towards a common objective in a common direction.

5) Interest:-The interest  of one person should not take priority over the interest of the organization as a whole.

6) Remuneration:-Variables such as cost of living,supply of qualified personnel,success of the business should be considered in determining a workers's rate of pay.

7) Centralization:-It defined as lowering the importance of the subordinate role.Decentralization is increasing the importance.The degree to which centralization or decentralization should be depends on the organization.

8) Scalar chain:-Managers hierarchies are part of a chain like authority scale.Each managers from the 1st line supervisor to the president,process certain amount of authority.The existence of a scalar chain is necessary of the organisation is to be successful.

9) Order:-For efficiency and coordination all material and people related to a specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible

10) Equity:-All employees are treated equal.Employees must be in the right place in the organization to do things right.Managers should supervise and monitor this process and they should treat employees fairly and impartially.

11) Stability of tenure:-Retaining productive employees should always be high priority of management.Recruitment and selection cost,as well as increased product reject rates are usually associated with hiring new workers.

12) Initiative:-Management should take steps to encourage workers initiative which is defined as new work activity under taken through self direction.

13) Esprit de corp:-Management should encourage harmony and general feelings among employees.

14) Unity of command:-The management principle ‘Unity of command’ means that an individual employee should receive orders from one manager and that the employee is answerable to that manager.

If tasks and related responsibilities are given to the employee by more than one manager, this may lead to confusion which may lead to possible conflicts for employees.

By using this principle, the responsibility for mistakes can be established more easily.

thank you 

ARUNITA
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