Planning: Purpose & Processes
Planning:-Planning is the primary management function that establishes the basis for all others management functions.
- Planning establish coordinated effort
- Reduces Uncertainty
- Reduces overlapping and wasteful activities
- Establish goals and standards used in controlling.
TYPES OF PLANS:-
-> Time horizon:-
- Long term (5yrs)
- Medium term (1-5yrs)
- Short term (<1yrs)
Rolling Plan:-The meaning of the Rolling Plan was that now, every year the performance of the plan will be assessed and a new plan will be made next year based upon this assessment.
-> Standing Plan:-These plans are permanent plans,and they are used again and again in the organization for regular work. standing plan include policies, procedure, methods and rules.
->Single-use Plans:-It also known as Master plans or Single Purpose Plans - are designed to accomplish specific objectives, usually within a time frame. They include budgets, programmes, projects and strategies.
->Strategic plans:- is an outline of steps designed with the goals of the entire organization as a whole in mind, rather than with the goals of specific divisions or departments. Strategic planning begins with an organization's mission.
->Business plan:- A business plan is a formal statement of business goals, reasons they are attainable, and plans for reaching them. It may also contain background information about the organization or team attempting to reach those goals.
->operational plan:-An operational plan is one that a manager uses to accomplish his or her job responsibilities. Supervisors, team leaders, and facilitators develop operational plans to support tactical plans (see the next section). Operational plans can be a single‐use plan or an ongoing plan.
->Directional & Specific:-When uncertainty is high and management must maintain flexibility in order to respond top unexpected changes, directional plans may be preferable. ... Directional plans on the other hand identify general guidelines. They provide focus but not lock managers into specific objective or specific courses of action.
->Contingency plan:- involves identifying alternative courses of action that can be implemented if and when the original plan proves inadequate because of changing circumstances.
Hierarchy Plan:-
Steps in the planning process:-
Determination of objective
Development of planning premises
Determination of alternative Courses
Evaluation of alternative courses
Formulation of derivative plans
Planning the timing and operation schedule
Securing participation of people
Review and control of plans
Budgeting
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